[45] The two were soon engaged to be married. [116] As Republicans had done since the end of the Civil War, Garfield and Arthur initially focused their campaign on the "bloody shirt"the idea that returning Democrats to office would undo the victory of the Civil War and reward secessionists. During his childhood, he moved seven times. [112] Arthur thought otherwise and accepted. [157], Congress attempted to balance the budget from the other side of the ledger, with increased spending on the 1882 Rivers and Harbors Act in the unprecedented amount of $19 million. As president, Chester A. Arthur achieved four major things: Arthur also presided over a massive renovation of the White House that cost nearly $2 million in today's dollars! Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829 - November 18, 1886) was a politician of the United States who served as the twenty-first President. Guiteau's poem also states he had (incorrectly) presumed that Arthur would pardon him for the assassination. The digital collections of the Library of Congress contain a wide variety of material associated with Chester A. Arthur, including the Chester Alan Arthur Papers. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! [62] Arthur rarely articulated his own political ideas during his time as a part of the machine; as was common at the time, loyalty and hard work on the machine's behalf was more important than actual political positions. [101] In September 1879 Arthur became Chairman of the New York State Republican Executive Committee, a post in which he served until October 1881. [214] On April 5, 1882, Arthur was elected to the District of Columbia Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States (MOLLUS) as a Third Class Companion (insignia number 02430[215]), the honorary membership category for militia officers and civilians who made significant contributions to the war effort. [89] Arthur appointed a committee of Custom House workers to determine where the cuts were to be made and, after a written protest, carried them out. [137][m] He initially took up residence at the home of Senator John P. Jones, while a White House remodeling he had ordered was carried out, including addition of an elaborate fifty-foot glass screen by Louis Comfort Tiffany. In 1859, Arthur married Ellen Nell Lewis Herndon (1837-1880), the Virginia-born daughter of a U.S. naval officer. In a special message to Congress, Arthur asks the legislature to appropriate funds for naval reconstruction work. [152] To their surprise, he acted quickly to appoint the members of the Civil Service Commission that the law created, naming reformers Dorman Bridgman Eaton, John Milton Gregory, and Leroy D. Thoman as commissioners. [147] Before the second trial began, Arthur removed five federal office holders who were sympathetic with the defense, including a former senator. Quick Facts Also Known As: Chester Alan Arthur Died At Age: 57 Family: Spouse/Ex-: Ellen Herndon father: William Arthur mother: Malvina Stone siblings: Mary McElroy Born Country: United States Lawyers Presidents political ideology: Republican Died on: November 18, 1886 place of death: New York, United States Cause of Death: Cerebral Hemorrhage France presents the United States with the Statue of Liberty at a ceremony held in Paris. American Presidents & Vice Presidents: Study Guide & Homework Help, Chester A. 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Hayes: Birthplace, Early Life & Education, President Hayes: Foreign & Domestic Policies, President William McKinley & the Spanish-American War, William McKinley: Birthplace & Early Life. [107], Conkling and his fellow Stalwarts, including Arthur, wished to follow up their 1879 success at the 1880 Republican National Convention by securing the presidential nomination for their ally, ex-President Grant. [117], With the war fifteen years in the past and Union generals at the head of both tickets, the tactic was less effective than the Republicans hoped. The bill passed both houses narrowly on March 3, 1883, the last full day of the 47th Congress; Arthur signed the measure into law, with no effect on the surplus. Chester A. Arthur, in full Chester Alan Arthur, (born October 5, 1829, North Fairfield, Vermont, U.S.died November 18, 1886, New York, New York), 21st president of the United States. Chester Arthur (1829-1886), the 21st U.S. president, took office after the death of President James Garfield (1831-1881). All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. The event commemorated the 223rd anniversary of the College's charter, the first granted to a college by the Board of Regents of the State of New York. One presidential oath was administered by a state court judge, also in New York City by a New York State judge: Arthur first offered the post to Edwin D. Morgan, who had been his patron in New York; Morgan was confirmed by the Senate, but declined on the grounds of age. [39] Coincidentally, future president James A. Garfield taught penmanship at the same school three years later, but the two did not cross paths during their teaching careers. That treaty allowed only a "reasonable" suspension of immigration. Arthur vetoes the Carriage of Passengers at Sea Bill, a steamboat safety bill, claiming that it contains several major technical errors. Arthur's status in the administration diminished when, a month before inauguration day, he gave a speech before reporters suggesting the election in Indiana, a swing state, had been won by Republicans through illegal machinations. [66] Arthur had a better reputation than Murphy, but reformers still criticized the patronage structure and the moiety system as corrupt. "'Vice Breeds Crime' The 'Germs' of Mark . When Arthur was nominated for vice president in 1880, a New York attorney and political opponent, Arthur P. Hinman, initially speculated that Arthur was born in Ireland and did not come to the United States until he was fourteen years old. [134] Before leaving New York, he ensured the presidential line of succession by preparing and mailing to the White House a proclamation calling for a Senate special session. [84] Arthur and the machine gathered campaign funds with their usual zeal, but Conkling limited his own campaign activities for Hayes to a few speeches. [64] Conkling, elected to the United States Senate in 1867, noticed Arthur and facilitated his rise in the party, and Arthur became chairman of the New York City Republican executive committee in 1868. Arthur takes office as vice president in the presidential administration of James Garfield. Arthur was a member of the Republican Party. [176] Based on the suggestions in the report, Congress appropriated funds, signed into law by Arthur, for the construction of three steel protected cruisers (Atlanta, Boston, and Chicago) and an armed dispatch-steamer (Dolphin), collectively known as the ABCD Ships or the Squadron of Evolution. Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829 - November 18, 1886) was an American politician who served as the twenty-first President of the United States.Arthur was a member of the Republican Party and worked as a lawyer before becoming the 20th vice president under James Garfield.While Garfield was mortally wounded by Charles Guiteau on July 2, 1881, he did not die until September 19, at which . Previously the 20th vice president,. "[222], Arthur's townhouse, the Chester A. Arthur Home, was sold to William Randolph Hearst. [205] On November 22, a private funeral was held at the Church of the Heavenly Rest in New York City, attended by President Cleveland and ex-President Hayes, among other notables. in 1883. "[91] Arthur and his subordinates, Naval Officer Alonzo B. Cornell and Surveyor George H. Sharpe, refused to obey the president's order; Sherman encouraged Arthur to resign, offering him appointment by Hayes to the consulship in Paris in exchange, but Arthur refused. [197] Blaine led on the first ballot, and by the fourth ballot he had a majority. Although Chester Arthur had risen to power through machine politics, once in the White House he surprised Americans (and alienated Conkling and other supporters) by moving past partisanship. The bill establishes a three-man Civil Service Commission and specifies rules for filling federal government positions according to a merit system. The Senate ratifies the Geneva Convention of 1864 for the care of wounded war personnel. [185] Arthur did, however, effectively intervene to overturn a court-martial ruling against a black West Point cadet, Johnson Whittaker, after the Judge Advocate General of the Army, David G. Swaim, found the prosecution's case against Whittaker to be illegal and based on racial bias. [179] Democrats turned against the "New Navy" projects and, when they won control of the 48th Congress, refused to appropriate funds for seven more steel warships. "[4] [140] Arthur then selected Charles J. Folger, his friend and fellow New York Stalwart as Windom's replacement. Chester Alan Arthur (1829-1886) 1829, Oct. 5 Born, Fairfield, Vermont, to William Arthur (1796-1875) and Malvina Stone Arthur (1802-1869). He later was removed from the job by President Rutherford Hayes (1822-1893) in an attempt to reform the spoils system. Less than four months later, on July 2, Garfield was shot by Charles Guiteau (1841-1882), a mentally unstable, disgruntled political job seeker, at a train station in Washington, D.C. The United States recognizes the independence of Korea, although Korea's future is uncertain because of Chinese, Russian, and Japanese manipulations. [149] In 1880, Democratic Senator George H. Pendleton of Ohio introduced legislation that required selection of civil servants based on merit as determined by an examination. This guided Chester A. Arthur Bio Poem Activity is a great research and poetry writing activity for a lesson, literacy or poetry center or even your substitute file for Presidents' Day or any time of year!Print and Go or Assign the Easel version. [42], When Arthur joined the firm, Culver and New York attorney John Jay (the grandson of the Founding Father John Jay) were pursuing a habeas corpus action against Jonathan Lemmon, a Virginia slaveholder who was passing through New York with his eight slaves. [128] Once there, he traveled with Conkling to Albany, where the former senator hoped for a quick re-election to the Senate, and with it, a defeat for the Garfield administration. Chester A. Arthur was not supposed to be president. Arthur was the second vice president to become chief executive due to an assassination. [142] Despite Arthur's personal appeal to remain, MacVeagh resigned in December 1881 and Arthur replaced him with Benjamin H. Brewster, a Philadelphia lawyer and machine politician reputed to have reformist leanings. [172] The nation's military focus over the fifteen years before Garfield and Arthur's election had been on the Indian wars in the Western United States, rather than the high seas, but as the region was increasingly pacified, many in Congress grew concerned at the poor state of the Navy. It was striking to us that it seemed like common knowledge to all that Chester A. Arthur was born in Waterville and the historical storyline was compelling. Chester A. Arthur served as America's twenty-first president from September 19, 1881, to March 4, 1885. [77] In total, his income came to more than $50,000more than the president's salary, and more than enough for him to enjoy fashionable clothes and a lavish lifestyle. The Democratic National Convention meets in Chicago, nominating Grover Cleveland and Thomas A. Hendricks for President and vice president, respectively. Arthur took this step to ensure procedural compliance; there had been a lingering question about whether a state court judge (Brady) could administer a federal oath of office. Ten fun facts about Chester A. Arthur. [128][l], While in Albany on July 2, Arthur learned that Garfield had been shot. In an era of political machines and the patronage system of political appointments, Republican political boss Roscoe Conkling (1829-1888), a U.S. senator from New York, was instrumental in helping Arthur obtain the important position, which controlled some 1,000 employees. [190] During Arthur's presidency, settlers and cattle ranchers continued to encroach on Native American territory. The couple had two children who survived to adulthood: Chester Arthur Jr. (1864-1937) and Ellen Herndon Arthur (1871-1915). The act establishes the Republicans as the party in favor of higher protective tariffs. [125] As vice president, Arthur cast tie-breaking votes in favor of the Republicans when Mahone opted to join their caucus. A skilled fisherman 8. [156] In May of that year, Representative William D. Kelley of Pennsylvania introduced a bill to establish a tariff commission;[156] the bill passed and Arthur signed it into law but appointed mostly protectionists to the committee. Chester Arthur (1829-1886), the 21st U.S. president, took office after the death of President James Garfield (1831-1881). In 1871, an era of political machines and patronage, Arthur was named to the powerful position of customs collector for the Port of New York. By the end of the project, Washington Roebling's health had deteriorated considerably. Chester Alan Arthur was diagnosed with kidney disease in 1982.. Later Life. Facts about Chester A Arthur 2: in American civil war [124], The Senate in the 47th United States Congress was divided among 37 Republicans, 37 Democrats, one independent (David Davis) who caucused with the Democrats, one Readjuster (William Mahone), and four vacancies. Born in an read more, Ellen Arthur (1837-80) was the wife of Chester A. Arthur, 21st president of the United States, though she never served as first lady because she died of pneumonia before her husband assumed office. [166] In July 1882 Congress easily passed a bill regulating steamships that carried immigrants to the United States. His father, William Ford (1826-1905), was born in County Cork, Ireland, to a family that had emigrated from Somerset, England in the 16th century. He served as quartermaster general of the New York Militia during the American Civil War. 238 lessons. $10,000 in 1870 is equal to $214,289 in present terms. [1] His father, William Arthur, had immigrated to the United States from northern Ireland when he was 18 and had become a Baptist minister. Create an account to start this course today. Arthur was also involved in the so-called Lemmon slave case, in which the New York Supreme Court ruled in 1860 that slaves being transferred to a slave state through New York would be freed. [50] Arthur was commissioned as a brigadier general and assigned to the state militia's quartermaster department. "[5] Mark Twain wrote of him, "It would be hard indeed to better President Arthur's administration. portrait of chester alan arthur, 21st president of the united states - chester a. arthur stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images The Great Bridge - President Arthur and his Party Crossing the Suspended Highway, drawn by Schell & Hogan, Harper's Weekly, June 2, 1883. [143] Conkling expected Arthur to appoint him in Blaine's place, but the President chose Frederick T. Frelinghuysen of New Jersey, a Stalwart recommended by ex-President Grant. William's mother was born Eliza McHarg and she married Alan Arthur. [111] They next approached Arthur, and Conkling advised him to also reject the nomination, believing the Republicans would lose. Late night strolls 7. [175] He gave full authority to his new Secretary of Navy William E. Chandler, Hunt's successor. [108] Their opponents in the Republican party, known as Half-Breeds, concentrated their efforts on James G. Blaine, a senator from Maine who was more amenable to civil service reform. Sometime around 1882, Arthur learned he was suffering from Brights disease, a serious kidney ailment. The President Chester Arthur Timeline provides a brief record of events in the order of their occurrence. [44] At that time, the state was the scene of a brutal struggle between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces, and Arthur lined up firmly with the latter. Major Events During Arthur's Presidency As president, Chester A. Arthur achieved four major things: Civil Service Reform Limiting Immigration Building a Modern Navy Arthur also. Chester A. Arthur: Impact and Legacy By Justus Doenecke Historians view the Chester Arthur presidency as an important surprise, one that no one would have expected. [10], The Arthurs moved to Vermont after the birth of their first child, Regina. [144] Navy Secretary William H. Hunt was next to resign, in April 1882, and Arthur attempted a more balanced approach by appointing Half-Breed William E. Chandler to the post, on Blaine's recommendation. On September 21, he returned to Long Branch to take part in Garfield's funeral, and then joined the funeral train to Washington. The Arthurs had four daughters when Chester was born. President Arthur signed the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act, one of the most consequential pieces of immigration legislation in United States History. Later that day, both personally congratulated Washington Roebling. Four months into his term, Garfield was shot by an assassin; he died 11 weeks later, and Arthur assumed the presidency. [90], Hayes further struck at the heart of the spoils system by issuing an executive order that forbade assessments, and barred federal office holders from "tak[ing] part in the management of political organizations, caucuses, conventions, or election campaigns. His father was a preacher. He was once the president of the New York Arcade Railway Company. Getty Images / Library of Congress / Contributor. [50] He was so efficient at housing and outfitting the troops that poured into New York City that he was promoted to inspector general of the state militia in March 1862, and then to quartermaster general that July. Arthur issues a proclamation warning people not to settle on Oklahoma lands. Chester A. Arthur | Presidents of the United States (POTUS) Chester A. Arthur 1 2 3 4 5 21st President of the United States (September 19, 1881 to March 3, 1885) Nickname: "The Gentleman Boss"; "Elegant Arthur" Born: October 5, 1829, in Fairfield, Vermont Died: November 18, 1886, in New York, New York Father: William Arthur (1796-1875) Chester Arthur was selected as his running mate. [223] Since 1944 it has been the location of Kalustyan's Spice Emporium. Following a funeral in Manhattan, the former president was buried beside his wife in the Arthur family plot in the Albany Rural Cemetery in Menands, New York. [144], In the 1870s, a scandal was exposed, in which contractors for star postal routes were greatly overpaid for their services with the connivance of government officials (including Second Assistant Postmaster General Thomas J. Brady and former senator Stephen Wallace Dorsey). Present terms Chinese Exclusion act, one of the New York Arcade Railway Company bill regulating steamships that carried to. 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