He ousted its president John Hendry, thereby worsening the problems, prolonging the delays, and adding to the costs of taking over the VW&Y. Follow him at twitter.com/TomWebbMN. They had ten children: He died in his home in St. Paul, Minnesota on May 29, 1916. He fell in love with a waitress, Mary Theresa Mehegan, at Merchants Hotel, where he often dined. Have you taken a DNA test? Although Great Northern and Northern Pacific were backed by J. P. Morgan and James J. Hill, the Union Pacific was backed not only by its president, Edward H. Harriman, but by the extremely powerful William Rockefeller and Jacob Schiff. In 1880, its net worth was $728,000; in 1885 it was $25,000,000. An enthusiastic conservationist, Hill was invited by President Theodore Roosevelt to a governor's conference on conservation of natural resources, and later appointed to a lands commission. The move was politically unpopular and in clear violation of Minnesota statutes. This last attempt lasted from 1955 until final Supreme Court approval and merger in March 1970, which created the Burlington Northern Railroad. It was obtained by the Minnesota Historical Society in 1978 and today is operated as a museum and gallery. Nancy, David and his brother Frank were notorous outlaws during the economic downturn be carried was james j hill descendants today by family. The introduced crop weed in Western US wheat-growing areas Sisymbrium altissimum also has a common name "Jim Hill Mustard", after the belief by farmers that it was spread from contaminated seed leaking out of railway stock along the railroads he controlled. That includes the Mahoning. The Great Northern Railway and the Northern Pacific tried to merge four times, in 1896, 1901, 1927, and 1955. This business brought good profit in five folds by 1879, consolidating his monopoly in the anthracite coal industry. During this same period, Hill also entered into banking and quickly managed to become member of several major banks' boards of directors. Then Harriman quickly began buying stock in Northern Pacific with the aim of eventually gaining control over it. Unlike the railroad, the trust rarely drew much attention. His pains turned unbearable and his health deteriorated. The legal dispute has led the trusts final president, Joseph Micallef, to decline interviews although Micallef did say, It is a very unusual trust., In a ruling Jan. 26, 2015, Judge Margaret Marrinan sided with the trust. When there was not enough industry in the areas Hill was building, Hill brought the industry in, often by buying out a company and placing plants along his railroad lines. Early in 1901 he joined with J. P. Morgan to buy control of the Northern Pacific Railroad control contested by E. H. Harriman of the Union Pacific in an epic stock market battle in May 1901. After 20 years working in the shipping business on the Mississippi and Red rivers, Hill and several other investors purchased the nearly bankrupt St. Paul and Pacific Railroad in 1878. When he was looking for the best path for one of his tracks to take, he went on horseback and scouted it personally. That ore movement was absolutely critical. In later years, he explained his economic philosophy in the book Highways of Progress and continued the campaign to convert the farmers of the Northwest to the principles of scientific agriculture, often testing breeds of cattle and strains of grain at his own farms. After working as a clerk in Kentucky (during which he learned bookkeeping), Hill decided to permanently move to the United States and settled in St. Paul, Minnesota, at the age of 18. Because Hill created a property-holding trust, it had to follow laws insuring that property is controlled by the living, not the dead. For James Hill it was a golden opportunity. "What we want," Hill is quoted as saying, "is the best possible line, shortest distance, lowest grades, and least curvature we can build. (Photo courtesy Minnesota Historical Society), A train carries iron ore at the U.S. Steel MinnTac mine in Mountain Iron, Minn., in 1981. Theres really no other trust like it., Yet there was another reason, at a time of rising public resentment toward wealthy industrialists and grim conditions at the mines. Hill was an avid collector and patron of the arts. James Jerome Hill (1838 - 1916) James Jerome Hill Born 16 Sep 1838 in Eramosa Township, Upper Canada, British North America Son of James Hill Sr. and Ann (Dunbar) Hill [sibling (s) unknown] Husband of Mary Theresa (Mehegan) Hill married 19 Aug 1867 in Saint Paul, Ramsey, Minnesota, United States Descendants 4241 Jutland Dr #202, San Diego, CA 92117. The man nicknamed the Empire Builder, and his descendents, get credit for a defining role in developing and shaping Minnesotas Iron Range and the Northwest. Unfortunately for the Hill-Morgan alliance, on the same day they formed the Northern Securities Company, President William McKinley was assassinated, placing Theodore Rooseveltthe "trust-buster"in the office of President. Hill chose to build his railroad north of the competing Northern Pacific line, which had reached the Pacific Northwest over much more difficult terrain with more bridges, steeper grades, and tunneling. They frequently entertained Rachel's parents at their home and Rachel and her daughters lived at 240 Summit for a few years ca 1918-1922. Hence, Hill left school in 1852, and began working at a grocery store to aid in supporting his family. (Pioneer Press file photo: Joe Odin). Hill pursued a broad range of other business interests: coal and iron ore mining, Great Lakes and Pacific Ocean shipping, banking and finance, agriculture, and milling. Today, that fortune would be worth upward of $3 billion . His father was a hired farmer, who received employment occasionally at Ontario in Canada. Because of his previous experiences in shipping and fuel supply, Hill was able to enter both the coal and steamboat businesses. Boeckmann had been a football hero for the University of Minnesota. Hill undertook to establish a monopoly of the steamboat business; he was monopolizing coal, socializing with bankers, and buying other businesses at the same time. He never really explained that the (railroads) major stockholders were the founding partners and their families so it really didnt cause them any harm financially., (But it did allow Hill in 1907 to testify, somewhat disingenuously, that he hadnt made the value of a postage stamp, directly or indirectly, out of the transaction. A truer account came in 1912, when Hill told a congressional committee that the land hed bought for $4 million would yield $750 million in iron ore.). Because of the size of this region and the economic dominance exerted by the Hill lines, Hill became known during his lifetime as The Empire Builder. James Hill was only fourteen years old when this demise occurred. He was general manager (1879-1882) and president (1883-1890) of the St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba Railway Company. "Minnesota, Death Records, 1866-1916," index and database. He attended the Rockwood Academy for a short while, where the head gave him free tuition. For a brief period of time, he hired Italian and Greek laborers, but company officials were not satisfied with their performance. In September 1915, the first public loan, the $500,000,000 Anglo-French loan, was floated. Political contributions favored policies over party, and Hill was frequently frustrated when candidates failed to fulfill campaign promises. June 13, 2019 3:59 PM. The Hill Library has developed numerous online programs and now serves millions of small business owners worldwide. After the first punishing year of World War I, the Allied Powers desperately needed financial support to continue the war effort. James J. Hill's son and grandson, Louis Hill and Louis Hill Jr., photographed in 1917. Funding provided by the State of Minnesota, the Legacy Amendment through the vote of Minnesotans on Nov. 4, 2008, and our generous donors and members. [27] The Hill library owns 75 shares. hillhouse@mnhs.org Hillsboro, North Dakota; Hill County, Montana; and Hillyard, Washington[23] (now a neighborhood of Spokane), are named for him. In 1880, its net worth was $728,000 (equal to $20,441,738 today); in 1885 it was $25,000,000, equal to $753,981,481 today. That, and his hard micromanaging practices, eventually led to a railway-wide strike and the workers' unionization under the leadership of Eugene V. Debs. Between 1883 and 1889, Hill built his railroads across Minnesota, into Wisconsin, and across North Dakota to Montana. Louis W. Hill, Jr., was named a founder at age 4. The Hill foundations that exist today, none of them have the Hill name on them, McCormack said. University leaders admit to misstep in Islamophobia controversy as adjunct professor files lawsuit, Winter storm warning issued for metro Denver, northeast plains ahead of significant storm, The Embrace Martin Luther King Jr. Boston memorial causes a stir, Duluth Boy Scout has slept outside for 1,000 days and counting, NYPD captain forced out after collecting about $60K for hours he never worked, Do Not Sell/Share My Personal Information. Quietly, Harriman began buying stock in Northern Pacific with the intention of gaining control of Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy. Home; Our Practice; Services; What to expect. James is 18 degrees from Margaret Atwood, 19 degrees from Jim Carrey, 20 degrees from Elsie Knott, 21 degrees from Gordon Lightfoot, 23 degrees from Alton Parker, 19 degrees from Beatrice Tillman, 17 degrees from Jenny Trout, 20 degrees from Justin Trudeau, 23 degrees from Edwin Boyd, 18 degrees from Barbara Hanley, 27 degrees from Fanny Rosenfeld and 20 degrees from Cathryn Hondros on our single family tree. November 25-December 31, 2022. The trust never did any mining itself; it only collected royalties. Constantly updated. Those iron ore holdings had grown so lucrative that Hill wanted to avoid the charge of earning too much money, according to an authorized company history, The Great Northern Railway.. [25] Hill had seen the devastation done downtown by the Great Chicago Fire. [28] As of September 2016, the fund is not yet closed. On November 1, 1901, Hill, Morgan, and Harriman announced the formation of the Northern Securities Company, a holding company formed to control the Great Northern, the Northern Pacific, and the Burlington lines. It was immediately challenged in court by Governor Samuel Van Sant. During the winter months when the Mississippi River was frozen and steamboats could not run, Hill started bidding on other contracts and won several. Funding provided by the State of Minnesota, the Legacy Amendment through the vote of Minnesotans on Nov. 4, 2008, and our generous donors and members. Husband of Mary T Hill and Mary Theresa Hill His massive success kindled envy in many people as his story was a real-life rags-to-riches fairy tale. (photo courtesy Minnesota Historical Society). Because of the size of this region and the economic dominance exerted by the Hill lines, Hill became known during his lifetime as The Empire Builder. Hill was known to be blunt with occasional humour. He also contributed to the establishment of Marquette University School of Medicine. By all accounts, Hill was a hands-on, detail-obsessed manager. Hill avoided this by investing a large portion of the railroad's profit back into the railroad itselfand charged those investments to operating expense. Enter a grandparent's name. In 1995, Burlington Northern merged with the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway to become the Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway. In 1889 John F. Stevens, the lead engineer of his company, found the Marias Pass, which was the lowest crossing region of the Rocky Mountain. Jameson discovered the pass 1889 and it shortened the Great Northern's route by almost one hundred miles. The StP&P in particular was caught in an almost hopeless legal muddle. In 1867, Mary Theresa Mehegan, the daughter of Irish immigrants, wed James Jerome Hill, a Canadian immigrant who went on to achieve incredible success. The 1887 building was converted between 2000 and 2004 to a 53 unit condo in the Historic Lowertown District of St. 651-297-2555 James J. Hill, nicknamed the Empire Builder, embodied the archetypal American story of success, rising from poor dock clerk to multimillionaire railroad magnate. The threat of a real economic panic loomed. Hill died in St. Paul on May 29, 1916. He loved reading and also took to poetry. To promote settlement and revenue for his rail business, Hill experimented with agriculture and worked to hybridize Russian wheat for Dakota soil and weather conditions. In 1873, he entered the steamboat business and by 1879 he had a local monopoly by merging (with Norman Kittson). "[7] Hill got what he wanted, and in January 1893 his Great Northern Railway, running from St. Paul, Minnesota to Seattle, Washington a distance of more than 1,700 miles (2,700km) was completed. Surprisingly, at the end of arbitration Hill accepted most the workers demands. Born in southern Ontario on September 16, 1838, to Irish immigrant parents, young Hill suffered a bow and arrow injury at age nine and lost sight in his right eye for the rest of his life. Today Hills house has been preserved as a museum. Drawing on his experience in the development of Minnesota's Iron Range, Hill was, during 19111912, in close contact with Gaspard Farrer of Baring Brothers & Company of London regarding the formation of the Brazilian Iron Ore Company to tap that nation's rich mineral deposits. He imported grains from Russia and sold this to farmers. His condition deteriorated quickly in mid-May, but even with the help of many respected doctors he was beyond saving. He came to St. Paul in 1856, where he first worked as a shipping clerk for J. W. Bass and Company. With his astute judgments and haggling skills, he managed to recover it from bankruptcy and even expanded the rails. By 1860, he was working for wholesale grocers, for whom he handled freight transfers, especially dealing with railroads and steamboats. Through this work, he learned all aspects of the freight and transportation business. During the Panic of 1873, a number of railroads, including the St. Paul and Pacific Railroad (StP&P), had gone bankrupt. He was a voracious reader of nonfiction, although there are references to Hill lustily singing ballads based on the poems of Robert Burns. His ability to ride out the depression garnered him fame and admiration. To sea as a clerk for a few years CA 1918-1922 1826 in Broadoak, Cornwall, ;. Experience Christmas, 1910both upstairs and downstairsin the sumptuous Gilded Age mansion of railroad titan James J. Hill. History The city that is now North Oaks was purchased by Hill in 1883 and turned into a 5,000-acre research farm. [9], In 1898 Hill purchased control of large parts of the Mesabi Range iron mining district in Minnesota, along with its rail lines. In 1867, James J. Hill married Mary Theresa Mehegan, born in 1846 in New York City. Cook St. Paul is no more. Instead, it's for his lesser-known role as an iron ore magnate. They had ten children: By early 1916 Hill began pouring more attention into philanthropy, donating thousands of dollars to various institutions as he privately struggled with a variety of increasingly painful ailments. Roosevelt wasted little time in breaking apart the trust. People commented on his piercing gaze and said he held their attention with his quick, animated speech, gesturing expansively and jabbing the air with a hand or finger to make his point. A dispute over one of the last-remaining parcels of undeveloped land in a private St. Paul suburb established by the heirs of railroad magnate James J. Hill has the local community scrambling for answers just a week before the election. (photo courtesy Minnesota Historical Society), Louis W. Hill, Jr., the grandson of James J. Hill, was the last living founder of the Great Northern Iron Ore Trust in St. Paul. A bust of Hill is located on the University of Washington campus in Seattle, Washington. Upon completion of the Summit Avenue residence, Hill had the family's old house, which he had constructed in 1878, razed. The house has many early electrical and mechanical systems that predate widespread adoption in modern domestic structures. James J. Hill, in full James Jerome Hill, (born September 16, 1838, near Guelph, Ontario, Canadadied May 29, 1916, St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.), American financier and railroad builder who helped expand rail networks in the northwestern United States. As with his business dealings, Hill supervised the construction and design himself, hiring and firing several architects in the process. Wars " below / Born in Virginia in 1825, Hill was a career military officer and graduate of West Point who served in the Mexican-American and Seminole Wars before leading Confederate troops in a series of key. The Great Northern was the first transcontinental built without public money and just a few land grants, and was one of the few transcontinental railroads not to go bankrupt. For James Hill it was a golden opportunity. The theory was that if a fire broke out and the ceiling caved in, the sand would drop and retard or suppress the fire. In time, Hill had gained control of the Great Northern, Northern Pacific, and the Burlington railroads. With 1901 and the start of the new century, James Hill now had control of both the Great Northern Railway, and the Northern Pacific (which he had obtained with the help of his friend J. P. Morgan, when that railroad went bankrupt in the depression of the mid-1890s). In 1995, Burlington Northern merged with the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway to become the Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway. The center, which opened in 1921 . In February 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt began prosecution of the Northern Securities Company under the Sherman Antitrust Act. In September 1915, the first public loan, the $500,000,000 Anglo-French loan, was floated after negotiations with the Anglo-French Financial Commission. Built at a cost of $930,000 and with 36,000 square feet (3,300m2), the James J. Hill House was among the city's largest. In 1891, after three years of building, construction was completed on Hill's new family home at 240 Summit Avenue in St. Paul. Hill was intimately involved in the planning and construction (19141916) of a new company headquarters in St. Paul (to be known as the Great Northern Office Building), which was to house the corporate staffs of the Great Northern, the Northern Pacific and Hill's banking enterprises. Meanwhile, nearly every other transcontinental railroad went bankrupt. The key to the Great Northern line was Hill's use of the previously unmapped Marias Pass first discovered by Santiago Jameson. Two years later, Hill wrote a $2 million personal check half the purchase price for 25,000 acres of logged-off land, which had a small rail line to Hibbing for carrying logs. Between 1883 and 1889, Hill built his railroads across Minnesota, into Wisconsin, and across North Dakota to Montana. The Hills maintained close ties with Archbishop John Ireland, and Hill was a major contributor to the Saint Paul Seminary, Macalester College, Hamline University, the University of St. Thomas, Carleton College, and other educational, religious and charitable organizations. https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/james-j-hill-138.php. He also partnered with several banks and became a member of the board of directors in several of them. During the late 1880s,he aimed to build a rail route through the Rockies to the Pacific. During the winter months when the Mississippi River was frozen and steamboats could not run, Hill started bidding on other contracts and won quite a few. Concomitantly, the resulting trade in munitions with England and France carried the United States from a depression in 1914 to boom years in 1915 and 1916. Leave a message for others who see this profile. The threat of a real economic panic loomed. On March 14, the Northern Securities Company was ordered to be dissolved under the Sherman Antitrust Act. Roosevelt sent his Justice Department to sue the Northern Securities Company in 1902. Folks already knew the region had iron ore. [10], The Great Northern energetically promoted settlement along its lines in North Dakota and Montana, especially by Germans and Scandinavians from Europe. Hill's leadership became a case study in the successful management of a capital-intensive business during the economic downturn. The New York Times described Mr. Hill, in his obituary, as "gifted with fine tastes and a keen artistic sense of beauty of form and color, and his collections of art and jewels were among the finest in the country.". By the time he had finished, he was adept at math, land surveying, and English. It is currently situated in front of More Hall, which is adjacent to the former on campus nuclear reactor building. She attended finishing school at St. Mary's Institute (Milwaukee, Wis., 1864-1867) and married James J. Hill on August 19, 1867. Many speculators, who had sold Northern Pacific "short" in the anticipation of a drop in the railroad's price, faced ruin. The Union Pacific Railroad was the biggest competitor of Great Northern and Northern Pacific Railroads. Because of these measures, Hill not only stayed in business, but also increased the net worth of his railroad by nearly $10,000,000 (equal to $301,592,593 today). He went on to become a prominent businessman in St. Paul, a state legislator for 14 years, and a philanthropist who helped disburse some of the familys fortune. Collecting the royalties required very little investment, beyond the initial price. The Great Northern Iron Ore Properties trust finally terminated on April 6, 2015, a century after Hills death, and its shares stopped trading on the New York Stock Exchange. Minnesota-EASy, "Minnesota, Marriages, 1849-1950," index and database. By the time of his death in 1916, James J. Hill was worth more than $53 million[ (almost $2.5 billion (2007) dollars). A New Mexico man is charged with killing and decapitating a 51-year-old man at a local park Sunday then kicking the severed head around, according to a report . The house has many early electrical and mechanical systems that predate widespread adoption in modern domestic structures. http://www.railroads-of-montana.com/Marias_Pass.htm, https://chereek.wordpress.com/tag/class-warfare/, http://sites.mnhs.org/historic-sites/james-j-hill-house/james-j-hill-gilded-age-entrepreneur. New and used Descendants Dolls for sale in Las Cruces, New Mexico on Facebook Marketplace. Hill always saw his railroads mission as moving goods, not producing them; mining wasnt part of the Great Northern Railway charter; and above all, by 1906 it became illegal for railroads to haul commodities that the railroads themselves had produced. The net worth of the company jumped from $728,000 in 1880 to $25,000,000 in 1885. Schonberger, Howard. So the legacy of the Empire Builder is still around and goes far beyond what is now known as the BNSF Railway, or Hills most personal emblem, the massive stone mansion on St. Pauls Summit Avenue. Hill was born September 16, 1838, in Eramosa Township, Upper Canada (now Ontario) to James Hill Jr. and Ann Dunbar. He offered Japanese Industrialists Southern cotton and would even ship it for free if they would compare it with the short staple cotton they were using with the promise of a refund if they were dissatisfied, which they were not. But nobody knew how vast those deposits really were. James Jerome Hill (September 16, 1838 - May 29, 1916), was a Canadian-American railroad executive. As Hill started getting older, he suffered from several painful ailments. James Jerome Hill was a Canadian-American railroad director. "Minnesota Deaths and Burials, 1835-1990," index and database. Yet, he was adamant to build the straightest route, with the shortest distance across the Northwest. For three years, Hill researched the StP&P and finally concluded that it would be possible to make a good deal of money off of the StP&P, provided that the initial capital could be found. Scan from original on Epson Expression 10000XL. We invite you to use our commenting platform to engage in insightful conversations about issues in our community. James J. Hill household, 1895 state census, Ramsey County, Minnesota, population schedule, Saint Paul, Ward 7, Precinct 2, page 89; GSU Film Number 000565801. Seizing this opportunity, he collaborated with Norman Kittson, Donald Smith, George Stephen and John Stewart Kennedy, and bought off St. Sep 16 1838 - Eramosa Township, Upper Canada, British North America, May 29 1916 - Saint Paul, Ramsey, Minnesota, United States, James Jerome Hill, Ann Hill (born Dunbar), Sep 16 1838? After his fathers death, his mother found it difficult to provide for her children by the means of only running a small inn. He bought out plenty of bankrupt businesses during this time, reformed them and sold them off at great profit. The Democratic Party's continued enchantment with the populist William Jennings Bryan led Hill to support Republican presidential candidates William McKinley (1896 and 1900), Theodore Roosevelt (1904), William Howard Taft (1908 and 1912). With these friendly relations established, Hill managed to secure the industrializing Japanese order for 15,000 tons of rails against competition from England and Belgium. The main room of the James J. Hill Center in downtown St. Paul on Tuesday, June 11, 2019. In The Great Gatsby, Hill is the man whom Gatsby's father says Gatsby would have equalled if he had lived long enough. If the federal government believed that the railroads were making too much profit, they might see this as an opportunity to force lowering of the railway tariff rates. Meanwhile, nearly every other transcontinental railroad went bankrupt. 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