Laos is in the process of implementing a value-added tax system. )note: the Laos Government officially recognizes 49 ethnic groups, but the total number of ethnic groups is estimated to be well over 200. note: data are in current year dollars$6.985 billion (2019 est. 6, "Seventy Years of Anarchy", in. WebKingdom-of-laos Definition Meanings Definition Source Filter A former country in Southeast Asia (official name). A new constitution was adopted in 1991 and enshrined a "leading role" for the LPRP. [61] According to the October 2007 UNODC fact book Opium Poppy Cultivation in South East Asia, the poppy cultivation area was 15 square kilometres (5.8sqmi), down from 18 square kilometres (6.9sqmi) in 2006. [155], The adult literacy rate for women in 2017 was 62.9%; for adult men, 78.1%. [144], The people of Laos are often categorised by their distribution by elevation: (lowlands, midlands and upper high lands) as this somewhat correlates with ethnic groupings. Under the plan, refugee status was evaluated through a screening process. At the eve of the Vietnam War, the Secret War was beginning in Laos as political factions between communist Pathet Lao and the government occurred. [121] The irrigated areas under cultivation account for only 28% of the total area under cultivation which, in turn, represents only 12% of all of the agricultural land in 2012. Government policies are determined by the party through the eleven-member Politburo of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party and the 61-member Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party. ), lowest 10%: 3.3%highest 10%: 30.3% (2008), revenues: 3.099 billion (2017 est. [27] Burial jars and other kinds of sepulchers suggest a complex society in which bronze objects appeared around 1500 BC, and iron tools were known from 700 BC. )consumption: 5,108,640,000 kWh (2019 est. [150] Languages like Khmu (Austroasiatic) and Hmong (Hmong-Mien) are spoken by minorities, particularly in the midland and highland areas. [65] Provinces are further divided into districts (muang) and then villages (ban). Under Vietnamese pressure, he rebelled against the Siamese in 1826. ), at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female15-24 years: 1 male(s)/female25-54 years: 0.99 male(s)/female55-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/femaletotal population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2022 est. Sample translated sentence: . [125], Laos is rich in mineral resources and imports petroleum and gas. [citation needed], Laos's emergence from international isolation has been marked through improved and expanded relations with other countries including Russia, China, Thailand, Australia, Germany, Italy, Japan and Switzerland. [175] Lao citizens who have criticised the government have been subjected to enforced disappearances, arbitrary arrests and torture. ), women married by age 15: 7.1%women married by age 18: 32.7%men married by age 18: 10.8% (2017 est. The Laos civil war (1953 1975) mainly caused internal displacement (numbering in the hundreds of thousands). Following the end of the Vietnam War in 1975, indigenous people in remote, war-struck areas were resettled and more than 300,000 people fled to Thailand to escape the communist regime that took power. The majority of those who sought refuge in Thailand ultimately were resettled in the US (mainly Hmong who fought with US forces), and lesser numbers went to France, Canada, and Australia.. The Pathet Lao began a war against the French colonial forces with the aid of the Vietnamese independence organisation, the Viet Minh. [182] Its national football team is a member of the Asian Football Confederation and of the ASEAN Football Federation. The national basketball team competed at the 2017 Southeast Asian Games where it beat Myanmar in the eighth place game. ), municipal: 130 million cubic meters (2017 est. Lao (official), French, English, various ethnic languagesmajor-language sample(s): (Lao)The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. WebThe Kingdom of Laos was officially proclaimed when the new Constitution was promulgated in 1947, as part of the colonial French Union, [2] and obtained full independence in 1953. Nevertheless, Laos remains a country with an underdeveloped infrastructure, particularly in rural areas. The Lao PDR is one of the world's few socialist states openly endorsing communism. )carbon dioxide emissions: 17.76 megatons (2016 est. Picture Information. [135] The European Council on Trade and Tourism awarded the country the "World Best Tourist Destination" designation for 2013 for architecture and history.[136]. [153][154] Buddhism has long been one of the most important social forces in Laos. )investment in fixed capital: 30.9% (2017 est. [97] The organisation also raised concerns in relation to freedom of expression, poor prison conditions, restrictions on freedom of religions, protection of refugees and asylum-seekers, and the death penalty. ), municipal solid waste generated annually: 351,900 tons (2015 est. Lao Soung account for about 10% of the population. French is also used in public works in central and southern Laos and Luang Prabang and is a language of diplomacy and of the elite classes, higher professions and elders. Laos has nine daily newspapers, 90 magazines, 43 radio stations, and 32 TV stations operating throughout the country. [119] The economy receives development aid from the International Monetary Fund, Asian Development Bank, and other international sources; and also foreign direct investment for development of the society, industry, hydropower and mining (most notably of copper and gold). "[132], The country's most widely recognised product may well be Beerlao, which in 2017 was exported to more than 20 countries worldwide. [163] The first feature-length film made after the monarchy was abolished is Gun Voice from the Plain of Jars, directed by Somchith Pholsena in 1983, although its release was prevented by a censorship board. )imports: 18,000 metric tons (2020 est. [3] On September 17, 1945, the Kingdom of Luang Prabang and remaining Laotian territory were officially unified. The proto-historic period is characterised by contact with Chinese and Indian civilisations. [114][115][116], The Lao economy depends on investment and trade with its neighbours, Thailand, Vietnam, and, especially in the north, China. A number of Laotian sign languages are used in areas with high rates of congenital deafness.[46]. US Representative Steve Gunderson, for instance, told a Hmong gathering: "I do not enjoy standing up and saying to my government that you are not telling the truth, but if that is necessary to defend truth and justice, I will do that. Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. Buddhist 64.7%, Christian 1.7%, none 31.4%, other/not stated 2.1% (2015 est. The revised constitution of 11 May 1957 omitted reference to the French Union, though close educational, health and technical ties with the former colonial power persisted. Sticky rice is generally preferred over jasmine rice, and sticky rice cultivation and production is thought to have originated in Laos. )percent of population: 34% (2020 est. The government of Laos, one of the few remaining one-party communist states, began decentralizing control and encouraging private enterprise in 1986. On December 15, 1946, in the face of guerrilla raids from across the Mekong, forty-four delegates to the Kingdom of Laos's first popularly elected [141] Laos's progress is notable in comparison to similar developing countries. [128] As of 2021, despite cheap hydro power available in the country, Laos continues to also rely on fossil fuels, coal in particular, in the domestic electricity production. [63] There is a distinct rainy season from May to October, followed by a dry season from November to April. )exports: 24.114 billion kWh (2019 est. This sector has made significant contributions to the economic condition of Laos. The Lao Royals are now based in France, where they work to achieve a change of government in Laos. It survived until December 1975, when its last king, France remained in de facto control until 22 October 1953, when Laos gained full independence as a constitutional monarchy. [131] In 2019, the UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights conducted an official visit to Laos and found that the country's top-down approach to economic growth and poverty alleviation "is all too often counterproductive, leading to impoverishment and jeopardising the rights of the poor and marginalised. [124] Laos may have the greatest number of rice varieties in the Greater Mekong Subregion. The Lao League is the top professional league for association football clubs in the country. Very few of the Lao refugees, however, were willing to return voluntarily. The Lao government has been working with the International Rice Research Institute of the Philippines to collect seed samples of each of the thousands of rice varieties found in Laos. Most people live in valleys of the Mekong River and its tributaries. In 1977, a communist newspaper promised the party would hunt down the "American collaborators" and their families "to the last root". [95], Human rights violations remain a significant concern in Laos. On September 1, 1945, the Kingdom of Laos was confirmed [2] as WebHome Steve Test MMIS w/ LogRocket ID. It briefly gained independence in 1945 after Japanese occupation but was re-colonised by France until it won autonomy in 1949. Kingdom of Laos + Add translation Add Kingdom of Laos "Kingdom of Laos" in English - Finnish dictionary. WebThe Lao people, the predominant ethnic group in present-day Laos, are a branch of the Tai peoples who by the 8th century ce had established a powerful kingdom, Nanzhao, in [100], Ostensibly, the Constitution of Laos that was promulgated in 1991 and amended in 2003 contains most key safeguards for human rights. ), $7,800 (2021 est. 0-14 years: 31.25% (male 1,177,297/female 1,149,727)15-24 years: 20.6% (male 763,757/female 770,497)25-54 years: 38.29% (male 1,407,823/female 1,443,774)55-64 years: 5.73% (male 206,977/female 219,833)65 years and over: 4.13% (male 139,665/female 168,046) (2020 est. [43] Otherwise, according to Martin Stuart-Fox, the Lao might well have lost control over their own country. [141] Access rose rapidly from 10 percent in 1995 to 38 percent in 2008. Words Starting With K KI KIN Words Ending With S OS AOS The organisation estimates that there are 173,800 French speakers in Laos (2010 est.). ", "Evaluation Synthesis of Rice in Lao PDR", "Starting an Asian Cinema: Laos Past and Present", "Good Good Morning, Luang Prabang and hello to Laos's film industry", "Q&A with director Kim Mordaunt (The Rocket)", "A tale of revenge in Laos challenges censors", "Fantastic Fest 2013 Review: Chanthaly is A Haunting Portrait of Modern Day Laos", "Laos Selects 'Dearest Sister' as First Foreign-Language Oscar Submission", "Cannes: Southeast Asia Is Ready for Its Big-Screen Close-up", "Laos: Crony scheme in control of press and civil society", "Social Discrimination in the Lao People's Democratic Republic", "Muay Lao, the forgotten art of kickboxing", "Laos Stumbles on Path to Sporting Glory", Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), ASEANRepublic of Korea Commemorative Summit, Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia, Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, ASEANAustralia Development Cooperation Program, Outstanding Scientist and Technologist Award, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Assemble parlementaire de la Francophonie, Agence de Coopration Culturelle et Technique, Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laos&oldid=1133062203, French-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, States and territories established in 1949, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Articles with failed verification from January 2021, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022, Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2021, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Pages using Sister project links with wikidata mismatch, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 12 January 2023, at 03:25. [46], During the First Indochina War, the Indochinese Communist Party formed the Pathet Lao independence organisation. [69] Trade relations with the United States were normalised in November 2004 through Congress approved legislation. ::", "Global Religious Landscape; Table: Religious Composition by Country", "Human Development Report 2009. [149], Hill people and minority cultures of Laos such as the Hmong, Yao (Mien) (Hmong-Mien), Dao, Shan, and several Tibeto-Burman speaking peoples have lived in isolated regions of Laos for many years. [47] Between 1964 and 1973, the US dropped two million tons of bombs on Laos, nearly equal to the 2.1million tons of bombs the US dropped on Europe and Asia during all of World War II, making Laos the most heavily bombed country in history relative to the size of its population; The New York Times notes this was "nearly a ton for every person in Laos". A distinct rainy season from May to October, followed by a season! 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