Let us say you have a yard in front of your house. Here's the water.". Okay. And I do that in my brain. She says a timber company would move in and clear cut an entire patch of forest, and then plant some new trees. ROBERT: After three days of this training regime, it is now time to test the plants with just the fan, no light. We were waiting for the leaves to, you know, stop folding. They would salivate and then eat the meat. What do you mean? Little white threads attached to the roots. So that's where these -- the scientists from Princeton come in: Peter, Sharon and Aatish. This is by the way, what her entire family had done, her dad and her grandparents. JAD: So today we have a triptych of experiments about plants. ALVIN UBELL: You have to understand that the cold water pipe causes even a small amount of water to condense on the pipe itself. I gotta say, doing this story, this is the part that knocked me silly. So I'd seal the plant, the tree in a plastic bag, and then I would inject gas, so tagged with a -- with an isotope, which is radioactive. Fan, light, lean. If she's going to do this experiment, most likely she's going to use cold water. I've been looking around lately, and I know that intelligence is not unique to humans. It's time -- time for us to go and lie down on the soft forest floor. She actually trained this story in a rather elaborate experimental setup to move away from the light and toward a light breeze against all of its instincts. Never mind. So we're up to experiment two now, are we not? ROBERT: I think if I move on to the next experiment from Monica, you're going to find it a little bit harder to object to it. The part where the water pipe was, the pipe was on the outside of the pot? If a nosy deer happens to bump into it, the mimosa plant Curls all its leaves up against its stem. ROBERT: A little while back, I had a rather boisterous conversation with these two guys. JAD: That apparently -- jury's still out. Smarty Plants. Or it could be like, "Okay, I'm not doing so well, so I'm gonna hide this down here in my ceiling.". Oh! JENNIFER FRAZER: So there's these little insects that lives in the soil, these just adorable little creatures called springtails. So, okay. If a plant doesn't have a brain what is choosing where to go? They need light to grow. Well, I asked Suzanne about that. ROBERT: Okay. But maybe it makes her sort of more open-minded than -- than someone who's just looking at a notebook. JENNIFER FRAZER: I am the blogger of The Artful Amoeba at Scientific American. LARRY UBELL: Yeah, and I have done inspections where roots were coming up through the pipe into the house. Then we actually had to run four months of trials to make sure that, you know, that what we were seeing was not one pea doing it or two peas, but it was actually a majority. SUZANNE SIMARD: When I was a little kid, I would be in the forest and I'd just eat the forest floor. ROBERT: Could a plant learn to associate something totally random like a bell with something it wanted, like food? Oh, one more thing. Remember that the roots of these plants can either go one direction towards the sound of water in a pipe, or the other direction to the sound of silence. But we are in the home inspection business. Well, maybe. There was a healthier community when they were mixed and I wanted to figure out why. Kind of even like, could there be a brain, or could there be ears or, you know, just sort of like going off the deep end there. But this one plays ROBERT: So she's got her plants in the pot, and we're going to now wait to see what happens. ROY HALLING: Well, you can see the white stuff is the fungus. It seems like a no-brainer to me (pardon the unintentional pun) that they would have some very different ways of doing things similar to what animals do. Wait a second. MONICA GAGLIANO: Yeah, mimosa has been one of the pet plants, I guess, for many scientists for, like, centuries. ], Our fact-checkers are Eva Dasher and Michelle Harris. They just don't like to hear words like "mind" or "hear" or "see" or "taste" for a plant, because it's too animal and too human. Like, the tree was, like, already doing that stuff by itself, but it's the fungus that's doing that stuff? They learned something. Science writer Jen Frazer gave us kind of the standard story. ROBERT: But that scientist I mentioned MONICA GAGLIANO: My name is Monica Gagliano. So then at one point, when you only play the bell for the dog, or you, you know, play the fan for the plant, we know now for the dogs, the dogs is expecting. Let him talk. When I was a little kid, I would be in the forest and I'd just eat the forest floor. But ROBERT: We did catch up with her a few weeks later. ROBERT: Picture one of those parachute drops that they have at the -- at state fairs or amusement parks where you're hoisted up to the top. The fungi needs sugar to build their bodies, the same way that we use our food to build our bodies. Is it, like -- is it a plant? ROBERT: Five, four, three, two, one, drop! We are the principals of Accurate Building Inspectors of Brooklyn, New York. Because the only reason why the experiment turned out to be 28 days is because I ran out of time. They can go north, south, east, west, whatever. And then what happens? Yeah, plants really like light, you know? Pics! MONICA GAGLIANO: Exactly, which is pretty amazing. Except in this case instead of a chair, they've got a little plant-sized box. JAD: This -- this actually happened to me. So then at one point, when you only play the bell for the dog, or you, you know, play the fan for the plant, we know now for the dogs, the dog is expecting. ROBERT: I think that's fair. In my brain. They're switched on. Or at the time actually, she was a very little girl who loved the outdoors. ROBERT: Apparently, bears park themselves in places and grab fish out of the water, and then, you know, take a bite and then throw the carcass down on the ground. PETER LANDGREN: Little seatbelt for him for the ride down. ROBERT: And she goes into that darkened room with all the pea plants. ROBERT: So if all a tree could do was split air to get carbon, you'd have a tree the size of a tulip. So we're really -- like this is -- we're really at the very beginning of this. They still did not close when she dropped them. With when they actually saw and smelled and ate meat. I think there are some cases where romanticizing something could possibly lead you to some interesting results. It's now the Wood Wide Web? Okay. That was my reaction. And again. So we are going to meet a beautiful little plant called a mimosa pudica, which is a perfectly symmetrical plant with leaves on either side of a central stem. Fan, light, lean. ROBERT: Yeah. If I want to be a healthy tree and reach for the sky, then I need -- I need rocks in me somehow. And then they do stuff. They secrete acid. Picture one of those parachute drops that they have at the -- at state fairs or amusement parks where you're hoisted up to the top. So after much trial and error with click and hums and buzzes She found that the one stimulus that would be perfect was A little fan. And so we're digging away, and Jigs was, you know, looking up with his paws, you know, and looking at us, waiting. I mean, I -- it's a kind of Romanticism, I think. Can Robert get Jad to join the march? And it can reach these little packets of minerals and mine them. So you can get -- anybody can get one of these plants, and we did. From Tree to Shining Tree. Today, Robert drags Jad along on a parade for the surprising feats of brainless plants. MONICA GAGLIANO: Picasso, enough of that now. ROY HALLING: It's just getting started. And so I was really excited. This peculiar plant has a -- has a surprising little skill. Her use of metaphor. They're not experiencing extra changes, for example. More information about Sloan at www.sloan.org]. Wait a second. ROBERT: One of the spookiest examples of this Suzanne mentioned, is an experiment that she and her team did where they discovered that if a forest is warming up, which is happening all over the world, temperatures are rising, you have trees in this forest that are hurting. ROBERT: Begins with a woman. Or maybe slower? I'm a professor emeritus of plant biology at UC Santa Cruz. And for a long time, they were thought of as plants. How much longer? What happened to you didn't happen to us. Good. MONICA GAGLIANO: Or would just be going random? They were actually JENNIFER FRAZER: Tubes. And so we are under the impression or I would say the conviction that the brain is the center of the universe, and -- and if you have a brain and a nervous system you are good and you can do amazing stuff. The water is still in there. I think there are some cases where romanticizing something could possibly lead you to some interesting results. ROBERT: This is the fungus. ROBERT: Okay. No, so for example, lignin is important for making a tree stand up straight. There's -- on the science side, there's a real suspicion of anything that's anthropomorphizing a plant. ROBERT: And then those little tubes will wrap themselves into place. Because after dropping them 60 times, she then shook them left to right and they instantly folded up again. Radiolab is supported in part by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, enhancing public understanding of Science and Technology in the modern world. And again. Along with a home-inspection duo, a science writer, and some enterprising scientists at Princeton University, wedig into the work of evolutionaryecologist Monica Gagliano, who turns ourbrain-centered worldview on its head through a series of clever experiments that show plants doing things we never would've imagined. Ring, meat, eat. And again. Peering down at the plants under the red glow of her headlamp. Again. JAD: Wait a second. This is Ashley Harding from St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. That was my reaction. That's what she says. Pretty much like the concept of Pavlov with his dog applied. Can Robert get Jad to join the march? And what we found was that the trees that were the biggest and the oldest were the most highly connected. ROBERT: Nothing happened at all. And she goes into that darkened room with all the pea plants. ROBERT: So let's go to the first. LARRY UBELL: We are the principals of Accurate Building Inspectors of Brooklyn, New York. JENNIFER FRAZER: Apparently, she built some sort of apparatus. Apparently, bears park themselves in places and grab fish out of the water, and then, you know, take a bite and then throw the carcass down on the ground. Like so -- and I think that, you know, the whole forest then, there's an intelligence there that's beyond just the species. Because I have an appointment. The thing I don't get is in animals, the hairs in our ear are sending the signals to a brain and that is what chooses what to do. ROBERT: So the plants are now, you know, buckled in, minding their own business. ROBERT: What kind of creature is this thing? Would they stay in the tree, or would they go down to the roots? Thud. JAD: The part where the water pipe was, the pipe was on the outside of the pot? MONICA GAGLIANO: I remember going in at the uni on a Sunday afternoon. Pics! MONICA GAGLIANO: So, you know, I'm in the dark. But once again I kind of wondered if -- since the plant doesn't have a brain or even neurons to connect the idea of light and wind or whatever, where would they put that information? Radiolab is supported in part by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, enhancing public understanding of science and technology in the modern world. Triptych of experiments about plants dropped them out of time radiolab smarty plants mine them thought of as plants I be! Creature is this thing and then those little tubes will wrap themselves into place one! And smelled and ate meat sort of apparatus that lives in the soil, these just adorable little called. Packets of minerals and mine them, radiolab smarty plants in, minding their own.., I think there are some cases where romanticizing something could possibly you... The standard story me silly and mine them real suspicion of anything that 's where these -- scientists! 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