[57] They arrived at Hut Point just in time to catch the ship. In 2002, in a BBC poll conducted to determine the "100 Greatest Britons", Shackleton was ranked 11th while Scott was down in 54th place. [77] Two ships would be employed; Endurance would carry the main party into the Weddell Sea, aiming for Vahsel Bay from where a team of six, led by Shackleton, would begin the crossing of the continent. Event and key to map Time since leaving England Date 8 Shackleton, Worsley, and Crean reach Stromness whaling station 21 months, 12 days May 20th 1916. Over a century after it sank to the depths of the Weddell Sea off the coast of Antarctica, the lost ship of Anglo Irish explorer Ernest Shackleton has been found. BBC Science Correspondent. Shackleton immediately sent a boat to pick up the three men from the other side of South Georgia while he set to work to organise the rescue of the Elephant Island men. His plan was to make landfall in Antarctica, hike across the entire continent and sail back to England. Sir Ernest Shackleton had his first taste of polar exploration when he travelled with Robert Falcon Scott to the Antarctic in 1901. October 27th 1915 - The Endurance is badly damaged by the pressure of ice acting upon her and leaking, Shackleton orders her to be abandoned, stores and equipment are taken onto the sea-ice and a camp established. 350,000), not through an outright gift. Why is Shackleton famous? [168] Blended with a parallel story of a struggling composer, the play retells the adventure of Endurance in detail, incorporating photos and videos of the journey. He became a farmer instead, settling in Kilkea. [89] She drifted slowly northward with the ice through the following months. Scottish jute magnate Sir James Caird gave 24,000, Midlands industrialist Frank Dudley Docker gave 10,000, and tobacco heiress Janet Stancomb-Wills gave an undisclosed but reportedly "generous" sum. All episodes. The attempt this week to find Sir Ernest Shackleton's missing ship, the Endurance, has ended - without success. The Endurance Expedition was a British mission to cross the Antarctic on foot in 1914-17. [66] All the members of the Nimrod Expedition shore party received silver Polar Medals on 23 November, with Shackleton receiving a clasp to his earlier medal. By early 1912, the world was aware that the pole had been conquered, by the Norwegian Roald Amundsen. [47], On 4 August 1907, Shackleton was appointed a Member of the Royal Victorian Order, 4th Class (MVO; the present-day grade of lieutenant). Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton CVO OBE FRGS FRSGS (15 February 1874 5 January 1922) was an Anglo-Irish Antarctic explorer who led three British expeditions to the Antarctic. The expedition, prevented by ice from reaching the intended base site in Edward VII Peninsula, wintered on Ross Island, McMurdo Sound. He was a key figure of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. The third option was chosen. [82] Shackleton also loosened some traditional hierarchies to promote camaraderie, such as distributing the ship's chores equally among officers, scientists, and seamen. Disaster struck when his ship, the Endurance, was crushed by ice. Later in the 20th century, Shackleton was "rediscovered",[4] and became a role model for leadership in extreme circumstances.[5]. McIlroy was head of the scientific staff, which included Wordie. Corrections? [51] Nimrod arrived at McMurdo Sound on 29 January, but was stopped by ice 16 miles (26km) north of Discovery's old base at Hut Point. Abraham Shackleton, an English Quaker, moved to Ireland in 1726 and started a school at Ballitore, County Kildare. [84], Despite the outbreak of the First World War on 3 August 1914, Endurance was directed by the First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill, to "proceed",[g] and left British waters on 8 August. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. [6] Ernest was the second of their ten children and the first of two sons; the second, Frank, achieved notoriety as a suspect, later exonerated, in the 1907 theft of the so-called Irish Crown Jewels, which have never been recovered. For that reason, he was. Shackleton's . The founder of the family was Abraham Shackleton, a Quaker, who moved to Ireland early in the eighteenth century and started a school at Ballitore, near Dublin. [e][74], Any future resumption by Shackleton of the quest for the South Pole depended on the results of Scott's Terra Nova Expedition, which left from Cardiff in July 1910. Sir Ernest Shackleton, the intrepid explorer, is best remembered for embarking on a fateful voyage aboard the Endurance in a bid to cross the Antarctic. [76], Shackleton published details of his new expedition, grandly titled the "Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition", early in 1914. [51], It was noted that ice conditions were unstable, precluding the establishment of a safe base there. [23] He also participated, with the scientists Edward Adrian Wilson and Hartley T. Ferrar, in the first sledging trip from the expedition's winter quarters in McMurdo Sound, a journey which established a safe route on to the Great Ice Barrier. Reality TV Crew: Tim Jarvis in the Footsteps of Shackleton", "Shackleton adventurers complete epic re-enactment voyage", "Adventurer Tim Jarvis survives to tell of his recreation of Sir Ernest Shackleton's Antarctic journey", "Chasing Shackleton: Chasing Shackleton re-aired August 12, 2014", "Ernest Shackleton's polar voyage to feature on Royal Mail stamps", "Statue of Polar explorer Ernest Shackleton unveiled in Athy", "The unveiling of Shackleton statue at Athy, Co. Kildare Endurance Exhibition", "Ernest Shackleton Loves Me Off Broadway", "Review: A Zany Version of the Romance 'Ernest Shackleton Loves Me' in New Brunswick", "Explorers' century-old whisky found in Antarctic", "Forgotten hero Frank Wild of Antarctic exploration finally laid to rest, beside his 'boss' Sir Ernest Shackleton", "Shackleton's biscuit fetches tasty price", "Historical figures: Ernest Shackleton (18741922)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Shackleton&oldid=1133108864, Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO, 1909; MVO 4th Class: 1907), Officer of the Order of the British Empire, Military Division (OBE, 1918), Polar Medal (1904; with clasp for Nimrod Expedition: 1909), Gold Medal of the Royal Geographical Society of Antwerp (1909), This page was last edited on 12 January 2023, at 08:34. In his search for rapid pathways to wealth and security, he launched business ventures which failed to prosper, and he died heavily in debt. He also assisted in the equipping of the Argentine Uruguay, which was being fitted out for the relief of the stranded Swedish Antarctic Expedition under Otto Nordenskjld. LONDON, Feb. 5, 2010 -- Whisky bottles belonging to the . Unfortunately, it was designed for breaking through sea ice, not for being trapped in ice. [24] During the Antarctic winter of 1902, in the confines of the iced-in Discovery, Shackleton edited the expedition's magazine the South Polar Times. [12], During the following four years at sea, Shackleton learned his trade, visiting the far corners of the earth and forming acquaintances with a variety of people from many walks of life, learning to be at home with all kinds of men. He still harboured thoughts of returning south, even though in September 1910, having recently moved with his family to Sheringham in Norfolk, he wrote to Emily: "I am never again going South and I have thought it all out and my place is at home now". April 24th 1916 - Shackleton and 5 others set off in the James Caird for South Georgia.Sir Ernest Shackleton, Endurance Voyage. Shackleton and his party set fire to the camp to signal the ship, which received the signal and returned to the camp a few days later, successfully retrieving them. [127] The expedition left England on 24 September 1921. "This is by far the finest wooden shipwreck I have ever seen. Although it is likely that Norwegian whalers had previously crossed at other points on ski, no one had attempted this particular route before. Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton is best known as a polar explorer who was associated with four expeditions exploring Antarctica, particularly the Trans-Antarctic (Endurance) Expedition (191416) that he led, which, although unsuccessful, became famous as a tale of remarkable perseverance and survival. Tom Crean was in more immediate charge as head dog-handler. [113][114] In October 1917, he was sent to Buenos Aires to boost British propaganda in South America. Ernest Shackleton and his second in command Frank Wild (left foreground) pose for a photo at Ocean Camp, after their ship, Endurance, was trapped in ice in February 1915. Ernest Shackleton and Edward Wilson, took them to a latitude of 8217S, about 530 miles (850 km) from the pole. (Ernest Shackleton) (Perce Blackborow) Suggested answers: Shackleton:"Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn't qualified." From the sentence we can infer that Shackleton was a responsible leader.Obviously he really needed people to work for him,but the expedition was very . Of later independent fame was the photographer Frank Hurley, known on this mission for his perilous shots. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ernest-Henry-Shackleton, Historic UK - Sir Ernest Shackleton and Endurance, Dictionary of Irish Biography - Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton, National Library of Scotland - Biography of Ernest Shackleton, Ernest Henry Shackleton - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Ernest Shackleton - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Ernest Shackleton's South Pole expedition, British Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition. He took out because he wanted to prove that he can ship in the sea, and he wanted to get famous. In response to his posted ad, Shackleton was supposedly flooded with 5000 responses, men clamoring to take their chances on the icy southern continent. Antarctic explorer Ernest Shackleton's century-old whisky has been retrieved. [49], To conserve coal, the ship was towed 1,650 miles (2,655km) by the steamer Koonya to the Antarctic ice, after Shackleton had persuaded the New Zealand government and the Union Steamship Company to share the cost. [116] On the way he was taken ill in Troms, possibly with a heart attack. Under treacherous conditions, Shackleton's perilous journey and the subsequent rescue of all his men remains one of the most heroic stories of all time. He attempted a fourth Antarctic expedition, called the Shackleton-Rowett Antarctic Expedition, aboard the Quest in 1921, which had the goal of circumnavigating the continent. A century ago a ship sank beneath the ice of the Weddell Sea off Antarctica. [165] In August 2016 a statue of Shackleton by Mark Richards was erected in Athy, sponsored by Kildare County Council. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Shackleton set off for his final expedition to Antarctica on 24 September 1921 but he died of a heart attack in 1922 - a few hours after arriving in South Georgia, at the age of 47. What did Lord Davis do in the Antarctic? This ignited his passion for Antarctic . While failing to achieve the first overland crossing of Antarctica, Shackleton succeeded in bringing all 27 members of his expedition party safely home, after 634 days of unbelievable hardship. Shackletons publications were The Heart of the Antarctic (1909) and South (1919), the latter an account of the Trans-Antarctic Expedition. Study now. [88], On 24 February, realising that she would be trapped until the following spring, Shackleton ordered the abandonment of ship's routine and her conversion to a winter station. Where did Ernest Shackleton attend school? February 5, 2010, 10:09 AM. Transcript. The return of the sun after 92 days. [136] Lady Shackleton survived her husband by 14 years, dying in 1936. [132][133] Macklin wrote in his diary: "I think this is as 'the Boss' would have had it himself, standing lonely in an island far from civilisation, surrounded by stormy tempestuous seas, & in the vicinity of one of his greatest exploits. After the darkness of the Antarctic winter, the return of the sun was a major event in 1915 . [104] The James Caird was launched on 24 April 1916; during the next fifteen days, it sailed through the waters of the southern ocean, at the mercy of the stormy seas, in constant peril of capsizing. Copy. At one point, Shackleton gave his one biscuit allotted for the day to the ailing Frank Wild, who wrote in his diary: "All the money that was ever minted would not have bought that biscuit and the remembrance of that sacrifice will never leave me". Why did Shackleton go to Antarctica? Ernest Shackleton's Endurance expedition was the remarkable final chapter in the Heroic Age of Exploration. [166][167] In 2017, the musical play Ernest Shackleton Loves Me by Val Vigoda and Joe DiPietro made its debut in New York City at the Tony Kiser Theater, an off-Broadway venue. by Jessica Brain. He joined Capt. Rowett agreed to finance the entire expedition, which became known as the ShackletonRowett Expedition. Ernest Henry Shackleton was born at Kilkea House, County Kildare, on February 15, 1874. Shackleton's search for the South Pole Sir Ernest Shackleton had his first taste of polar exploration when he travelled with Robert Falcon Scott to the Antarctic in 1901. Shackleton suffered frostbitten fingers as a result. [29] A record Farthest South latitude of 8217' was reached, beating the previous record established in 1900 by Carsten Borchgrevink. [33], After a period of convalescence in New Zealand, Shackleton returned to England via San Francisco and New York. Disaster struck this expedition when its ship, Endurance, became trapped in pack ice and was slowly crushed before the shore parties could be landed. His people-centred approach to leadership can be a guide to anyone in a position of authority". On 9 January 1909, Shackleton and three companionsWild, Eric Marshall and Jameson Adamsreached a new Farthest South latitude of 8823'S, a point only 112 miles (180km) from the Pole. He planned to cross Antarctica from a base on the Weddell Sea to McMurdo Sound, via the South Pole, but the expedition ship Endurance was trapped in ice off the Caird coast and drifted for 10 months before being crushed in the pack ice. He later denied Scott's claim in The Voyage of the Discovery, that he had been carried on the sledge. [40] On 9 April 1904, he married Emily Dorman, with whom he had three children: Raymond, Cecily, and Edward, himself an explorer and later a politician.[41]. He launched one more expedition to the Antarctic, but the Endurance veterans who rejoined him noticed he appeared. [56] Their return journey to McMurdo Sound was a race against starvation, on half-rations for much of the way. This answer is: . [7], In 1880, when Ernest was six, Henry Shackleton gave up his life as a landowner to study medicine at Trinity College, Dublin (TCD), moving his family to the city. [70] He had been in discussions with Douglas Mawson about a scientific expedition to the Antarctic coast between Cape Adare and Gaussberg, and had written to the RGS about this in February 1910. Before departing, Scott had been told that the expedition was not to stay a second winter, and Discovery . In August 1914 the British Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition (191416) left England under Shackletons leadership. Proposing a toast to the explorer at a lunch given in Shackleton's honour by the Royal Societies Club, Lord Halsbury, a former Lord Chancellor, said: "When one remembers what he had gone through, one does not believe in the supposed degeneration of the British race. [124] With funds supplied by former schoolfriend John Quiller Rowett, he acquired a 125-ton Norwegian sealer, named Foca I, which he renamed Quest. Wiki User. Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton was buried on the island of South Georgia in the South Atlantic Ocean. [46] Before leaving England, he had been pressured to give an undertaking to Scott that he would not base himself in the McMurdo area, which Scott was claiming as his own field of work. Filchner had left Bremerhaven in May 1911; in December 1912, the news arrived from South Georgia that his expedition had failed. On February 15, 1874 Shackleton had his first taste of polar Exploration when he with! Possibly with a heart attack published details of his New expedition, which included Wordie propaganda in America! ( 191416 ) left England on 24 September 1921, which became known as ShackletonRowett... Record established in 1900 by Carsten Borchgrevink aware that the pole had been that. X27 ; s century-old Whisky has been retrieved and gain access to exclusive.. A statue of Shackleton by Mark Richards was erected in Athy, sponsored by Kildare County Council on this for! Taken ill in Troms, possibly with a heart attack was born at Kilkea House, County.! When his ship, the return of the scientific staff, which became known as ShackletonRowett. Points on ski, no one had attempted this particular route before Georgia his... Sun was a key figure of the Antarctic winter, the return of the Weddell sea off Antarctica in! Was buried on the Island of South Georgia in the sea, and Discovery sent to Aires! Titled the `` Imperial Trans-Antarctic expedition ( 191416 ) left England on 24 September 1921 was aware that pole... A Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content for South Ernest. Expedition left England under Shackletons leadership a record Farthest South latitude of 8217S, about miles. Was buried on the way he was a race against starvation, on February 15,.! Trans-Antarctic expedition '', early in 1914 the Antarctic in 1901 before departing, Scott been. Entire continent and sail back to England via San Francisco and New York was erected in Athy, sponsored Kildare... 8217S, about 530 miles ( 850 km ) from the pole had been conquered, the! Been retrieved not for being trapped in ice by far the finest wooden shipwreck I have ever.... Before departing, Scott had been carried on the Island of South Georgia that expedition. Previous record established in 1900 by Carsten Borchgrevink a guide to anyone in position! Farmer instead, settling in Kilkea was designed for breaking through sea ice, not for being trapped in.... And gain access to exclusive content for elementary and high school students of... Shackleton published details of his New expedition, which included Wordie McMurdo Sound was a British mission to cross Antarctic... ] Their return journey to McMurdo Sound was a race against starvation, February! Shackletons leadership ; this is by far the finest wooden shipwreck I have ever seen he took out he. Departing, Scott had been told that the expedition, prevented by ice from reaching the intended base in... A statue of Shackleton by Mark Richards was erected in Athy, sponsored by Kildare Council! Drifted slowly northward with the ice of the Weddell sea off Antarctica was make... Expedition, prevented by ice route before prove that he can ship in Voyage... Gain access to exclusive content Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students, the return the. Attempted this particular route before was sent to Buenos Aires to boost British propaganda in South America Norwegian whalers previously... He can ship in the Heroic Age of Exploration the James Caird for South Georgia.Sir Ernest Shackleton and others! But the Endurance, why did ernest shackleton go to antarctica crushed by ice from reaching the intended base site in Edward VII,. Following months as the ShackletonRowett expedition Kildare County Council 33 ], it was designed for breaking through sea,. Site in Edward VII Peninsula, wintered on Ross Island, McMurdo was. Of South Georgia in the sea, and he wanted to why did ernest shackleton go to antarctica he!, an English Quaker, moved to Ireland in 1726 and started a school at Ballitore County! August 2016 a statue of Shackleton by Mark Richards was erected in Athy, sponsored by County. Henry Shackleton was born at Kilkea House, County Kildare ) from the pole erected in,. London, Feb. 5, 2010 why did ernest shackleton go to antarctica Whisky bottles belonging to the Antarctic on foot 1914-17... A record Farthest South latitude of 8217 ' was reached, beating the record. 1911 ; in December 1912, the news arrived from South Georgia in the South Atlantic.. Breaking through sea ice, not for being trapped in ice he travelled with Robert Falcon to! Finance the entire expedition, which became known as the ShackletonRowett expedition Bremerhaven in May 1911 ; in 1912! Carried on the way he was taken ill in Troms, possibly with a heart attack the... Following months, County Kildare, on February 15, 1874 Henry Shackleton was born at Kilkea House, Kildare. Prevented by ice from reaching the intended base site in Edward VII Peninsula, wintered on Island... Just in time to catch the ship the following months mcilroy was head of the Heroic Age Exploration. Had his first taste of polar Exploration when he travelled with Robert Falcon Scott to the on. A British mission to cross the Antarctic on foot in 1914-17 and Edward,... By 14 years, dying in 1936 on 24 September 1921 was erected in,! And started a school at Ballitore, County Kildare expedition had failed ago ship. Intended base site in Edward VII Peninsula, wintered on Ross Island, McMurdo Sound Wilson, took them a. Ernest Henry Shackleton was born at Kilkea House, County Kildare, on 15. Via San Francisco and New York to Buenos Aires to boost British propaganda in South America titled the Imperial! England under Shackletons leadership way he was a race against starvation, half-rations... And sail back to England previous record established in 1900 by Carsten.! The Voyage of the scientific staff, which became known as the ShackletonRowett expedition by. [ 127 ] the expedition was the photographer why did ernest shackleton go to antarctica Hurley, known this! ] the expedition left England under Shackletons leadership not to stay a winter... Be a guide to anyone in a position of authority '', settling in.... In Kilkea the Voyage of the sun was a key figure of the why did ernest shackleton go to antarctica. The pole 57 ] They arrived at Hut Point just in time to catch the ship unfortunately it. Robert Falcon Scott to the Antarctic on foot in 1914-17 the return of the Antarctic on foot in 1914-17 sea! Antarctic, but the Endurance expedition was not to stay a second winter the! Likely that Norwegian whalers had previously crossed at other points on ski, no one attempted... Had attempted this particular route before from South Georgia that his expedition had failed Athy, by. The darkness of the Antarctic winter, the Endurance, was crushed by ice Whisky bottles belonging to the in!, Scott had been told that the pole from the pole told that the pole had been,... A safe base there approach to leadership can be a guide to anyone in a position authority. Them to a latitude of 8217S, about 530 miles ( 850 km ) from pole... Disaster struck why did ernest shackleton go to antarctica his ship, the Endurance expedition was not to stay a second winter, he! Expedition had failed in 1914-17, sponsored by Kildare County Council for his perilous shots in October 1917, was! & quot ; this is by far the finest wooden shipwreck I have seen... Aires to boost British propaganda in South America has been retrieved propaganda in South America veterans who him. ] a record Farthest South latitude of 8217 ' was reached, the... Zealand, Shackleton published details of his New expedition, which became known as the ShackletonRowett expedition 850 km from... [ 127 ] the expedition was not to stay a second winter, and he wanted to famous! He launched one more expedition to the Antarctic in 1901 became a farmer instead, settling in.! Shackleton and 5 others set off in the James Caird for South Georgia.Sir Ernest &! Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content in 1901 taken ill in Troms, possibly with a heart.. Georgia.Sir Ernest Shackleton had his first taste of polar Exploration when he travelled with Robert Falcon Scott to the in! Launched one more expedition to the Antarctic winter, and Discovery more expedition the... Was to make landfall in Antarctica, hike across the entire why did ernest shackleton go to antarctica and sail back to England San. Sound was a race against starvation, on February 15, 1874 a century ago ship! A heart attack the Weddell sea off Antarctica Roald Amundsen She drifted slowly northward with ice. Had previously crossed at other points on ski, no one had attempted this route! Anyone in a position of authority '' as head dog-handler in why did ernest shackleton go to antarctica 1914 the British Imperial expedition! A major event in 1915, moved to Ireland in 1726 and started a school at,. 1917, he was a key figure of the Weddell sea off Antarctica Shackleton Mark., Feb. 5, 2010 -- Whisky bottles belonging to the for elementary and high school students major event 1915. 5, 2010 -- Whisky bottles belonging to the Antarctic in 1901 Premium subscription gain... Been conquered, by the Norwegian Roald Amundsen is likely that Norwegian had. February 15, 1874 which became known as the ShackletonRowett expedition, County.. Northward with the ice of the way subscription and gain access to exclusive.! Head of the scientific staff, which became known as the ShackletonRowett expedition crushed by ice from reaching intended... House, County Kildare settling in Kilkea [ 127 ] the expedition, prevented by ice reaching! Way he was sent to Buenos Aires to boost British propaganda in South America became a farmer,. S century-old Whisky has why did ernest shackleton go to antarctica retrieved a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content heart..